GDP per capita is calculated as the ratio of GDP to the average population in a specific year. It is expressed in purchasing power standards (PPS) which represent a common currency that eliminates the differences in price levels between countries to allow meaningful comparisons of GDP. The values are also offered as an index calculated in relation to the European Union average set to equal 100. Disparity in GDP per capita is calculated as the coefficient of variation of the national index values.

The relative median at-risk-of-poverty gap helps to quantify how poor the poor are by showing the distance between the median income of people living below the poverty threshold and the threshold itself. The poverty threshold is set at 60 % of the national median income of all people in a country. It is aggregated for the EU as the population-weighted arithmetic average of national values. Data are taken from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and are based on equivalised disposable income.

Income inequality can be measured in different ways. The income quintile share ratio divides the total income received by the 20 % of the population with the highest income (top quintile) by the income received by the 20 % of the population with the lowest income (lowest quintile). Data are taken from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and are based on equivalised disposable income.

The indicator measures the share of total income received by the 40 % of the population with lowest income. Data are taken from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and are based on equivalised disposable income.

This indicator corresponds to the sum of persons who are: at risk of poverty after social transfers, severely materially or socially deprived or living in households with very low work intensity. Persons are counted only once even if they are affected by more than one of these phenomena. The data is presented by degree of urbanisation. Based on the share of local population living in urban clusters and in urban centres, this typology classifies Local Administrative Units (LAU or communes) into three types of area: • Cities (densely populated areas) • Towns and suburbs (intermediate density areas) • Rural areas (thinly populated areas).

People at risk-of-poverty are persons with an equivalised disposable income below the risk-of-poverty threshold, which is set at 60 % of the national median equivalised disposable income (after social transfers). The data is presented by citizenship, showing the shares for citizens of the reporting country and for non-EU citizens.

The indicator measures the share of the population aged 18 to 24 with at most lower secondary education who were not involved in any education or training during the four weeks preceding the survey. Lower secondary education refers to ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education) 2011 level 0-2 for data from 2014 onwards and to ISCED 1997 level 0-3C short for data up to 2013. Data stem from the EU Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS). The data are presented by citizenship, showing the shares for citizens of the reporting country, for foreigners from EU countries, and for non-EU citizens.

The indicator measures the share of the population aged 15 to 29 who are not employed and not involved in education or training. The numerator of the indicator refers to persons who meet the following two conditions: (a) they are not employed (i.e. unemployed or inactive according to the International Labour Organisation definition) and (b) they have not received any education or training (i.e. neither formal nor non-formal) in the four weeks preceding the Labour Force Survey (LFS). The denominator includes the total population aged 15 to 29 (excluding those who did not answer the questions on 'participation in regular (formal) education and training'). The data is presented by citizenship, showing the shares for citizens of the reporting country and for non-EU citizens.

The indicator measures the share of the population aged 20 to 64 which are employed. Employed persons are defined as all persons who, during a reference week, worked at least one hour for pay or profit or were temporarily absent from such work. The data is presented by citizenship, showing the shares for citizens of the reporting country and for non-EU citizens.